2023 JAMB GEOGRAPHY PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Settlements are classified based on their function, which determines their rural or urban nature. Age, site, and location are not relevant criteria for this classification.

The dense, evergreen forest in the Amazon is called the “selvas,” characterized by thick vegetation. Other terms like campos and pampas refer to other types of vegetation in South America.

A river regime describes the seasonal changes in water volume due to rainfall and snowmelt. Overflow periods, load, and flow rate are distinct aspects of river dynamics.

Nigeria’s major export commodity is petroleum due to its vast oil reserves. Cocoa, coal, and cotton are also exported but on a smaller scale.

The Dead Sea has the highest salinity among listed options, significantly higher than other water bodies due to minimal inflow and high evaporation rates.

A confluence town forms where two rivers meet. It differs from nucleated and linear settlements in structure and purpose.

Such plateaux are termed tectonic because they originate from tectonic activities, whereas other types may result from erosion or volcanic activity.

Coal is organically formed as it derives from decomposed vegetation, unlike grit, shale, or gypsum, which are sedimentary and mineral-based.

Kossou Dam is on the Bandama River in Côte d’Ivoire, and none of the other options represent this river.

Agriculture is a primary activity in rural areas, differentiating them from urban centers that focus on industry, commerce, and administration.

An isohaline joins points of equal salinity, distinct from isopleth, isopach, or isobar, which measure different parameters.

The Western Zone, particularly around Lagos, has Nigeria’s largest industrial base due to infrastructure and resources.

Frost action is physical, not chemical weathering. Chemical weathering includes hydrolysis, oxidation, and carbonation.

Sierra Leone’s coast experiences high rainfall due to its tropical monsoon climate, with totals often exceeding 5,000 mm.

Internal trade occurs domestically, contrasting with foreign or international trade. Barter is a type of trade without currency.

Loess, a fine, silt-based deposit, is formed by wind, unlike rock pedestals and yardangs, which are erosion-based.

Denudation typically starts with weathering, followed by erosion and then deposition. Other sequences don’t follow natural processes.

The annual temperature range is calculated by finding the difference between the highest and lowest temperatures. Here, it is 22°C.

The temperature is highest in May based on the provided climate data for Station Z.

May records the highest rainfall, making it the wettest month at Station Z.

Condensation is the process by which water vapor changes into liquid droplets. Other options describe heat transfer or state change processes.

Population density = population/land area, which gives 280 persons per km².

Plutonic rocks form from the slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface.

Urban settlements are nucleated due to higher population density and structured organization.

Crater lakes form in volcanic craters, commonly in extinct volcanoes.

Scrub vegetation is typical in savannas due to seasonal rainfall and distinct wet-dry seasons.

A hygrometer measures humidity, while other instruments measure air pressure or temperature.

Religion, while important, is not as significant a barrier as currency, instability, and colonial ties.

Rift valleys result from tectonic movements along parallel faults, creating steep walls.

Raised beaches form when sea levels drop or land rises, typical of coastlines of emergence.

Rye is not typically a plantation crop; plantations are common for cocoa, oil palm, and rubber.

Aridity lacks rainfall, so it does not contribute to soil erosion by rain.

Industrial concentration doesn’t deter population like tsetse fly or slave trade history.

Scree forms from weathered rock debris piling at the base of slopes, unlike creeps or levees.

The Jos Plateau is a volcanic plateau formed from ancient volcanic activity.

South Africa is known for its high gold production, especially in Witwatersrand.

Natural scenery promotion is essential for attracting tourists, more so than transport or labor factors.

Africa’s ample waterfalls and rainfall make it a prime hydroelectric source.

Both are part of Western Europe, which has strong trade ties with West Africa.

The Greek system divides climates into torrid, temperate, and frigid zones.

Heavy industries are capital-intensive, requiring large investment and infrastructure.

The route does not link Nigeria to Europe; it primarily connects Europe and North America.

Aridity doesn’t involve rain, thus doesn’t contribute to rain-based erosion.

Inselbergs, isolated rock hills, are commonly found in pediplains.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest, surpassing the other oceans in size.

Solar energy is renewable and pollution-free, unlike thermal or nuclear energy.

Crystalline rocks have atoms arranged in a structured pattern, unlike sedimentary rocks.

The hydrosphere refers to all water on Earth’s surface. Other terms refer to atmospheric layers or landmasses.

Sierra Leone’s coastal rainfall often exceeds 5,000 mm, typical of its tropical climate.

Zeugens and rock pedestals are both wind-eroded desert features.