2015 JAMB GEOGRAPHY PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Natural resources are substances provided by nature that can be utilized by humans, such as rubber, soil, and water. Cellophane, however, is a man-made synthetic material, not naturally occurring.

Fold mountains, formed by tectonic forces, include the Himalayas, Rockies, and Andes. Voges Mountain, however, is classified differently as it doesn’t fit the typical fold mountain characteristics.

Fertile plains, suitable for agriculture, include loess, alluvial, and flood plains. Erosional plains, on the other hand, are formed by the wearing away of rocks and do not retain the same fertility as the other types.

As of recent estimates, the world population is around 7 billion. The other options are outdated or inaccurate estimates.

Soil factors, essential for plant growth, are termed “edaphic” factors, which pertain specifically to soil properties. The other options are related to broader environmental or climatic elements.

Chemical weathering involves processes like solution, oxidation, and carbonation. Alternating wet and dry conditions relate more to physical weathering rather than chemical weathering.

The Earth’s axis is inclined at an angle of 66° to the plane of the ecliptic, influencing seasonal variations. The other angles are either incorrect or unrelated.

West Africa spans between latitudes 4°N and 20°N of the equator, covering a significant geographical area that influences climate and vegetation. The other ranges do not accurately represent the region.

Plantation agriculture focuses on crops like rubber and cocoa, often requiring significant land. Wheat is typically grown in temperate climates and is not commonly associated with plantations in tropical regions.

The trophic level refers to the position of an organism within a food chain, defining its role in energy transfer. The other terms are not specific to food chain structure.

Conservation methods include agroforestry, shifting cultivation, and crop rotation. Deforestation, however, leads to loss of biodiversity and contributes to deforestation rather than conservation.

Population growth rate refers to the net rate of change in population over a specified time, accounting for births, deaths, and migration. The other options refer to different demographic measures.

Tall trees with buttress roots are characteristic of rainforests, which help stabilize the trees in shallow soil. Savannah regions, in contrast, do not feature this trait.

Renewable resources like livestock, forests, and soil regenerate naturally over time. Minerals, however, are finite and non-renewable.

The solar system includes the sun and eight recognized planets, following the reclassification of Pluto. Other options are outdated planetary counts.

September 23rd marks the autumnal equinox in the northern hemisphere, leading to equal daylight and night. The other phenomena are irrelevant for this date.

These factors—density, mortality, and birth rate—are integral components that influence population dynamics. Dominance, cover, and habitat are related to ecosystems, but not specifically to population factors.

Bush fallowing, a shifting cultivation method, is common among Nigerian rural farmers, allowing the soil to regenerate. Other methods, like terrace farming or plantation agriculture, are less common in this context.

Fold mountains are associated with synclines and anticlines due to tectonic plate compression, unlike block, volcanic, or residual mountains formed by different geological processes.

A seismograph records the intensity of earthquakes, while other instruments like the thermometer measure temperature, and epicenter refers to the earthquake’s surface origin.

Industrial zones in Nigeria include western, southeast, and south/south regions, with significant industries. The north-central region is less industrialized comparatively.

Longitude lines connect the north and south poles and measure east-west positions relative to Greenwich. Other descriptions incorrectly refer to latitude or other geographic measurements.

Jupiter, known for its distinctive rings and bands, is a prominent planet in the solar system. The other planets listed do not have this feature.

The River Niger, the longest river flowing through Nigeria, surpasses other rivers in length and significance.

Relief on maps is represented using contours, form lines, and hachures, while dot maps depict population or distribution data rather than topography.

The River Niger, flowing through multiple West African countries, is the longest in the region. Other rivers are significant but shorter in comparison.

Conservation includes good farming practices, forest and game reserves. Poaching, however, threatens wildlife populations and goes against conservation principles.

Mass movement involves the downward movement of weathered materials due to gravity. This differs from weathering, which is the breakdown of rocks, and catastrophes that refer to sudden disasters.

A sill is a horizontal intrusion of magma between rock layers. A dyke is a vertical intrusion, while lava plains and batholiths represent other geological forms.

The autumnal equinox in the southern hemisphere falls on March 21st. Other dates correspond to equinoxes and solstices in different hemispheres.

The moon is Earth’s natural satellite, orbiting and influencing tides. Other options are celestial bodies but not Earth’s satellites.

Overgrazing leads to soil erosion, pasture depletion, and disease spread among livestock. Completion of useful fodder crops, however, is unrelated to overgrazing effects.

Stalactites are downward-growing formations in caves formed by calcium deposits. Other terms refer to broader or unrelated limestone features.

Burkina Faso, lacking direct access to the ocean, is landlocked. The other options have coastlines and are not classified as landlocked.

Cotton, heavily grown in the Nile Basin, is a major cash crop for export. Other options are cultivated but are less significant commercially.

Sial, the earth’s crust layer rich in silica and alumina, has a density of around 2.7, distinguishing it from denser layers below.

Latitude is the angular distance north or south from the Earth’s center. Other options refer to different geographic or celestial measurements.

Northern Mali lies in the Sahara Desert region, while other options are located in areas not classified as desert.

Temperature, rainfall, and sunshine are weather elements. Altitude, though it affects climate, is not a direct weather element.

Fertile soil supports agriculture, attracting higher population densities. Unemployment and unfavorable climates are generally associated with lower population densities.

Abiotic factors are non-living elements like topography, water, and wind. Bacteria are living organisms, making them biotic, not abiotic.

Strip-cultivation prevents erosion and maintains soil health. Grazing, bush burning, and over-cropping degrade soil quality.

Salinity refers to the concentration of salts in ocean water. This influences marine life and water density. Other terms refer to oceanic features but do not define salt concentration.

Stratified rocks are sedimentary rocks, characterized by layers formed from deposits over time. Igneous, metamorphic, and plutonic rocks do not exhibit this layering structure.

Soil is primarily defined by characteristics like color, texture, and permeability. Capillary action, though related, is not a defining feature of soil.