2023 JAMB GOVERNMENT PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Citizen participation is a fundamental principle of democratic governance, as democracy is based on the active involvement of citizens in political processes, including voting and decision-making. Other options suggest undemocratic principles.

Academic journals are not typically considered a direct source of public opinion, as they are more scholarly in nature. Other options directly influence or reflect public sentiment.

In a parliamentary system, the head of government is usually the leader of the majority party in the legislature, unlike presidential systems where the head of government is elected separately.

The indigenization policy was introduced by General Yakubu Gowon in the 1970s to encourage Nigerians to own businesses and reduce foreign economic control.

As of now, Alassane Ouattara, the president of Côte d’Ivoire, is the current chairperson of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

The process for constitutional amendments in Nigeria requires the approval of the National Assembly, as they are responsible for legislative changes to the Constitution.

Nigeria’s foreign policy during the Cold War was characterized by neutrality and non-alignment, avoiding alignment with either the United States or the Soviet Union.

Nigeria’s independence was granted through the Nigerian Independence Act passed by the British Parliament in 1960, marking the end of colonial rule.

The right to vote is a fundamental right associated with citizenship, as it allows citizens to participate in the political process. Other options may not be constitutionally guaranteed.

In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is typically combined with the legislative branch, as the prime minister is chosen from the legislature.

Public corporations in Nigeria are primarily funded by the revenues they generate from their own operations, which includes income from their services or goods sold.

Pressure groups may prioritize their own interests over the public interest, which can limit their effectiveness in advocating for broad societal change.

The Public Complaints Commission is responsible for conducting investigations and inquiries into complaints from the public about government services.

Oligarchy is a system of government where power resides with a small group of individuals, typically from the same elite class or group.

Ethiopia is the only African country that successfully resisted European imperialism, specifically during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War in 1935.

Nigerian Federalism is characterized by the autonomy of local government, allowing for decentralized governance while still maintaining a federal structure.

A legislative override allows the National Assembly to override the president’s veto by passing the bill again with a higher majority.

The Charter of the United Nations is the foundational document that serves as the constitution for the UN, outlining its objectives and functioning.

Pressure groups aim to influence public opinion and policy, particularly through lobbying, media campaigns, and advocacy to effect social change.

In a cabinet system, the executive and legislature are fused, meaning that members of the executive (such as the prime minister) are also part of the legislature.

Muammar Gaddafi was instrumental in the formation of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), aimed at advancing Africa’s economic development.

Nigeria was a founding member of ECOWAS, the Economic Community of West African States, established to promote regional integration and economic cooperation.

Nigeria’s current constitution is based on the United States model, incorporating federalism, separation of powers, and checks and balances.

The legislative arm of government is responsible for approving the national budget and overseeing its implementation, ensuring financial accountability.

A key principle of socialism is the equality of opportunity and outcome, where resources are shared collectively to ensure everyone has access to basic needs.

In a communist system, the government owns and controls the means of production, aiming for collective ownership to eliminate class divisions.

The Nigerian National Assembly consists of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives, which work together to pass laws.

In the pre-colonial Kingdom of Benin, ivory was a significant trade commodity, traded with Europe for luxury goods.

The Islamic Jihad, led by Usman Dan Fodio, was a significant factor in the rise of the Sokoto Caliphate, which united many ethnic groups under Islamic rule.

The People’s Redemption Party (PRP) was known for its socialist ideology and populist policies aimed at addressing issues of inequality in Nigeria during the 1980s.

In a parliamentary system, the head of government is usually the Prime Minister, who is selected by the majority party in the legislature.

The Action Group crisis of 1953 led to the suspension of Nigeria’s constitution and the declaration of a state of emergency by the colonial authorities, disrupting political stability.

Switzerland operates a direct democracy, where citizens can vote directly on laws and policies without representatives.

The basic unit of local government in Nigeria is the ward, which serves as the smallest administrative unit in the country’s local governance system.

The civil service in Nigeria operates under the principle of meritocracy, meaning promotions and appointments are based on ability and qualifications.

The Commonwealth of Nations was initially known as the British Commonwealth, reflecting the organization’s origins from the British Empire.

Nigeria shares its longest border with Niger, which lies to the north of the country, with a shared border of over 1,000 kilometers.

Nigeria uses the first-past-the-post electoral system, where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins the election.

Primaries are the process in which political parties select their candidates for an election, usually through a vote among party members.

Olusegun Obasanjo was a strong advocate for the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), aiming to promote economic growth and development across Africa.