2022 JAMB GOVERNMENT PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Socialism allows only one ideology for the state, focusing on the collective ownership of the means of production and ensuring the government controls the economy to promote equality.

In a representative government, citizens exercise their political power indirectly by electing representatives who make decisions on their behalf in legislative bodies.

Devolution refers to the transfer of power from a central government to regional or local authorities, aiming to ensure that the interests of minorities are represented.

A constitution may be derived from customs and conventions, which are traditional practices and unwritten laws that govern the functioning of the state alongside formal written documents.

A major issue with the cabinet system is the large number of ministers, which can lead to inefficiency and conflicts in decision-making due to the size and complexity of the government.

Representative governments consider public opinion to ensure they remain in good standing with the people and respond to their needs, except when national security concerns take priority.

The civil service is responsible for implementing government policies, ensuring that administrative tasks and policies are executed effectively to achieve the government’s goals.

Public corporations have legal personality, which means they have the ability to sue and be sued, enter into contracts, and engage in business transactions like any other legal entity.

Local government authorities often face challenges in receiving cooperation from the local people when a top-down approach is used for development, leading to a lack of community involvement.

Delegated legislation can be controlled through parliamentary question time, where the legislative body holds the executive accountable for laws made by delegated authority.

A de jure one-party system is a system where only one party is legally allowed to exist, and all other parties are banned, typically under authoritarian regimes.

A multi-party system can lead to divisiveness, as it encourages multiple political groups, which can create fragmentation and competition, making governance more difficult.

Voting in a democracy commits citizens to the political system by enabling them to have a say in governance, which strengthens democratic participation and ensures accountability.

An electoral college is a system where the electorate votes for representatives who then elect officeholders, commonly used in presidential elections in some countries like the U.S.

Many pressure groups fail to achieve their goals due to corrupt leadership, which undermines their effectiveness and causes a lack of credibility and influence in policymaking.

A pressure group that uses violence to achieve its aims is described as an anomic group, as it operates outside of established norms and resorts to forceful actions to achieve its goals.

Press control is necessary to safeguard national security and maintain state secrets, especially in times of conflict or when sensitive information may pose a threat to public safety.

The media enriches national discourse by providing editorial comments, which analyze and critique governmental actions, influencing public opinion and the policy debate.

Social media has revolutionized political communication by allowing fast, wide-reaching dissemination of information, enabling quicker engagement in political debates and awareness.

The legislature is responsible for passing laws to regulate society, ensuring that the legal framework supports the society’s needs and upholds justice.

After World War II, militant nationalism sought to overthrow colonialism and end European domination, fueling struggles for independence across British West Africa.

Proto-nationalism was a movement for reforms, such as respect for African religion and political participation, without immediate calls for full independence from colonial powers.

The youth movement in British West Africa laid the foundation for the formation of political parties that would later fight for self-rule and independence from colonial rule.

A country’s foreign policy is largely driven by national interest, which includes protecting the country’s sovereignty, economic interests, and ensuring national security.

The National Congress of British West Africa was the first inter-territorial political movement that aimed to unite British West African territories to demand self-governance and oppose colonialism.

The African Union’s effectiveness is often hindered by the divided loyalty of its member states, leading to conflicting national interests that prevent a unified approach to global issues.

The Commonwealth of Nations is committed to promoting representative democracy among its members, ensuring that democratic principles are upheld in all member states.

The Sirte Summit in 1999 laid the foundation for the establishment of the African Union, creating a framework for greater unity and integration across African states.

West African states benefit from the United Nations by gaining greater access to all its organs, such as the General Assembly and Security Council, which allows them to influence global affairs.

The Atlantic Charter of 1941 outlined the principles for international cooperation and peace, which led to the formation of the United Nations after World War II.

A country’s foreign policy is influenced by factors like human resources, geographical location, and international laws, but the system of education and the number of universities does not have a direct impact.

Totalitarianism is a political system where the government controls every aspect of its citizens’ lives, including their beliefs, behaviors, and activities, often with severe repression.

The permanent secretary is the administrative head of a ministry, overseeing its operations and ensuring that the ministry’s policies and activities are implemented effectively.

International laws and conventions can limit the sovereignty of a state by setting boundaries for its actions in the global arena, especially regarding human rights and diplomacy.

A coalition government typically occurs in a multi-party system, where multiple parties form an alliance to hold a majority in the legislature and govern together.

Judges are appointed based on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission, which ensures that appointments are made impartially and with due consideration for qualifications.