2020 JAMB GEOGRAPHY PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Overpopulation often leads to an increase in labor and quicker information dissemination. However, it can strain resources, resulting in issues like insufficient food, unlike effective planning, which would be negatively impacted.

Migration is defined as the movement of people between regions, either permanently or temporarily. Transportation, networking, and urbanization involve movement but don’t imply permanent settlement like migration does.

Population density is calculated by dividing the population by the land area. For Country Y, 10,000,000 people in 200,000 km² results in a density of 50 persons/km². Other options misrepresent this calculation.

Factors like early marriages, polygamy, and fewer abortion restrictions increase birth rates. However, inadequate health services do not contribute to higher birth rates and can even have the opposite effect.

The Chad Basin, Coastal plains, and Niger-Benue trough are lowlands. The Eastern Scarpland is a highland, making it distinct from the others listed.

The Tropical maritime airmass brings moisture-laden air, causing the rainy season in Nigeria, unlike the dry Equatorial Easterlies and continental winds.

Nigeria has several major river basins, including the Cross, Niger, and Sokoto Basins. However, the South Atlantic Basin does not exist as a distinct river basin in Nigeria.

The Jos Plateau, rich in tin, has suffered environmental degradation from mining. Other areas are not as affected by tin mining.

Tropical forests lack pure stands, requiring more selective logging, increasing costs. Shortage of labor and river presence don’t contribute as significantly.

Pastoral farming is the practice of rearing animals in areas like the northern savanna. Mixed farming includes crops, while intensive and animal farming cover broader practices.

The mesosphere is located deeper within the Earth, not part of its outer structure. Atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere form the outer layers.

The atmosphere provides essential oxygen for respiration, unlike timber for shelter or road construction materials.

The Earth’s layers progress from the surface inward as sial, sima, mantle, and core, representing their order. Other sequences are incorrect.

With a 2 cm = 1 km scale, a 20 cm map distance translates to 10 km on the ground. Other options represent incorrect calculations.

With scales of 1:100,000 and 1:400,000, the ground distances are 10 km and 40 km, respectively, calculated by multiplying the map distance by each scale. Other answers reflect miscalculations.

Nigeria’s colonial ties with developed countries promote trade connections, unlike factors like technology levels and trade unions, which don’t significantly impact this trade volume.

Lagos-Antwerp, Lagos-Montreal, and Lagos-Rotterdam are part of the North Atlantic sea route. Lagos-Southampton, however, is not on this route.

Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate represents longer periods, and cloud or humidity indicates specific atmospheric elements.

The diurnal range measures daily temperature variations, unlike mean, maximum, or minimum daily values, which do not represent this range.

The environment is the complete surrounding of an organism, encompassing both biotic and abiotic components, unlike a component or ecosystem alone.

Photosynthesis removes carbon from the air, unlike processes like combustion or respiration, which release carbon.

Isohalines indicate equal salinity levels, while isobars represent pressure, and other terms do not denote salinity.

High-salinity water becomes dense, causing it to sink and move toward areas of lower salinity at the ocean bottom. Other options misrepresent density behavior.

Gravitational water drains out of the soil after heavy rainfall, unlike capillary or hygroscopic water, which stay bound to soil particles.

The soil profile consists of layers; topsoil and subsoil form upper layers, while bedrock lies at the base. X likely represents the subsoil.

A star graph represents statistical data, unlike a shaded map, which does not inherently depict data trends or values.

High undergrowth and a diverse plant life are typical of tropical rainforests. Other options describe adaptations for arid or temperate regions.

Landlocked countries often face challenges like security of goods and political dependence, whereas low freight costs don’t apply.

Solar energy faces challenges like technology limitations and capital needs, but competition with other energy sources doesn’t hinder its development.

The optical square is designed to establish right angles in surveys, unlike station pegs or offset staff, which serve other purposes.

Error of closure refers to this phenomenon in surveying, different from general field or compass errors.

Denudation describes erosion processes reducing elevation, unlike weathering, which may break material but not lower land.

Earth’s revolution determines the length of a year, whereas rotation influences day and night or twilight.

Denitrification removes nitrogen rather than adding it, while symbiotic fixation and manure application add nitrogen to the soil.

Contour plowing reduces soil erosion on slopes, unlike overgrazing, deforestation, or bush burning, which increase erosion risk.

A watershed divides rivers flowing in different directions, unlike flood plains or plateaus.

Loess is wind-deposited silt and sand, unlike dunes like seif or barchans.

Gold, particularly in the Witwatersrand, has historically attracted settlers in South Africa.

Geographic Information System (GIS) is the correct term, while others don’t accurately reflect GIS technology.

Dot maps illustrate distributions effectively, such as cattle populations, unlike graphs or proportion circles.

Savannah plants adapt to water