2019 JAMB GOVERNMENT PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

In a democracy, the majority vote is a crucial aspect of decision-making. It ensures that the elected representatives reflect the will of the majority, while respecting minority rights.

Sovereignty based on legitimacy comes from the people’s mandate. This means the government’s power is acknowledged and accepted by the citizens, ensuring stability and consent.

The right to seek redress gives citizens the opportunity to challenge any governmental action or decision that affects them negatively, ensuring justice is accessible to all.

The writ of mandamus is a court order that requires a public official or lower court to perform their duties, ensuring legal compliance and upholding authority.

Aristocracy is a form of government where power is held by the best or most qualified individuals, often based on merit or status rather than by the will of the people.

Deconcentration refers to the process of transferring administrative powers to different units within a government, ensuring that decisions are made closer to the people they affect.

Judicial independence ensures that courts can make decisions free from political interference, preserving fairness and the rule of law. This is vital to upholding democracy.

Political parties provide a platform for political action, representing citizens’ interests and facilitating the pursuit of government power through elections.

A national outlook in a political party means that it has a diverse membership that cuts across different ethnic and regional groups, representing the interests of the entire nation.

The second reading is when a bill is debated by the legislative body. This stage allows members to discuss the bill’s principles and its implications before it proceeds to the committee stage.

A vote of no confidence is used to express disapproval of the government or a specific official, typically the prime minister, and can lead to their resignation or dismissal.

A cabinet reshuffle involves changing the positions of ministers within the government. This may occur to improve governance or after a vote of no confidence.

Popular political participation involves active involvement of citizens in the political process, including voting, debating, and engaging with policies that impact their lives.

An electoral constituency is the geographical area that is represented by an elected official. It is the unit from which representatives are elected to the legislature.

Citizenship by naturalization is the process by which a non-citizen becomes a legal member of a country by fulfilling certain requirements such as residency and language proficiency.

An ultimatum is a final demand or statement of terms, after which actions such as protests or strikes may be taken if conditions are not met. It is often the last step in negotiations.

A political party with only promises but no real action or implementation is often seen as an elitist party. These parties focus on maintaining the status quo without addressing people’s needs.

A military junta is a government led by a group of military officers. These officers usually seize power through a coup d’état and rule with authoritarian control.

In pre-colonial Igbo society, decisions were often made through consensus, allowing the community to collectively agree on matters without a rigid hierarchy.

The Hausa/Fulani Empire had a quasi-federal structure that allowed for some local governance while centralizing power under the Emir to maintain control over its diverse population.

The creation of twelve states in Nigeria was an achievement of General Yakubu Gowon’s regime, aimed at decentralizing power and ensuring more regional representation and development.

Nigeria’s foreign policy, particularly during the independence era, was Afrocentric, focusing on African unity, non-alignment, and the end of colonialism in Africa.

The Brussels Conference of 1889/90 was related to the ongoing scramble for Africa and set the stage for further European colonial occupation and control of African territories.

Lewis Samuel defines “Colonialism” as an act of pure conquest and exploitation where the colonizers assert complete control over the resources and people of the colonized territories.

The Nigerian Council was unrepresentative, as it failed to include enough African representatives, which led to calls for reforms and eventual replacement.

The 1946 constitution introduced official majority in the legislative council for the first time, which allowed for greater representation of local interests and a shift towards self-governance.

In the 1950 constitutional conference, it was concluded that a quasi-federal structure should be developed for colonial Nigeria, to accommodate the diverse ethnic and regional groups.

The primary duty of the Public Service is to implement government policies and programs. This is a vital aspect of ensuring that the government’s plans are executed efficiently.

The United Nations’ most recent target plans are the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which aim to tackle global challenges such as poverty, inequality, and climate change by 2030.

Under the 1963 constitution, federal judges could be removed by a 2/3 majority vote of the National Assembly, ensuring judicial accountability and independence.

According to the 1999 constitution, the Chief Law Officer is the Attorney-General, and the Chief Judge is the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who heads the judiciary.

The coalition between the AG and NCNC was influenced by various political factors, including the Kano riot of 1953, which led to shifts in alliances in Nigeria’s political landscape.

In the 4th Republic, Nigeria’s major political parties included PDP, APP, and AD, representing the political spectrum with varying ideologies and regional support.

The EFCC is focused on investigating and prosecuting financial crimes such as corruption, but it does not have jurisdiction over issues like substance abuse or cases outside its mandate.

The Green Revolution, introduced by the NPN in 1979, aimed at increasing food production and promoting agricultural development to reduce Nigeria’s reliance on food imports.

Nigeria’s federalism has been critiqued for not aligning perfectly with classical federalism, which was outlined by K.C. Wheare, who emphasized a more balanced distribution of powers.

The most representative body in the United Nations is the General Assembly, where all member states have an equal vote, ensuring broad representation of global interests.

The Executive Council of the African Union typically makes decisions by consensus, ensuring collective agreement among the member states before any action is taken.

The General Assembly is responsible for making amendments to the United Nations Charter, allowing it to adapt and reflect the changing dynamics of international relations.

The rotational chairmanship of ECOWAS is a key feature of its structure, ensuring that leadership is shared among member states in an egalitarian manner, enhancing regional cooperation.