2012 JAMB GOVERNMENT PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

At the initial stage, ECOMOG (Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group) in Liberia was perceived as incompetent due to logistical challenges and inadequate training, which affected its effectiveness in stabilizing the country. Neutral, partisan, and invader perceptions were less prevalent during its early operations. For example, ECOMOG faced criticism for its handling of military engagements and humanitarian efforts.

The Scholarship scheme is one of the programs that binds members of the Commonwealth, promoting educational exchanges and opportunities among member states. Other options like food and aid programs, cultural programs, and agenda for peace are important but the scholarship scheme specifically fosters educational collaboration. For example, Commonwealth scholarships allow students from member countries to study in other Commonwealth nations.

Muammar Gaddafi is widely credited for spearheading the formation of the African Union, advocating for greater unity and cooperation among African nations. Other leaders like Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Abdoulaye Wade, and Thabo Mbeki played significant roles but Gaddafi was instrumental in initiating the transition from the Organization of African Unity to the African Union. For example, his vision emphasized political and economic integration across the continent.

Two additional slots were proposed in the UN Security Council for Africa to ensure greater representation and influence of African nations in global security matters. This reform aims to make the council more inclusive and representative of the current geopolitical landscape. Other regions like Asia, America, and Europe already have established representation, making Africa’s inclusion a key focus for reform.

Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and Venezuela are the founding members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), established to coordinate and unify petroleum policies among member countries. Nigeria and Libya joined later, while Algeria is not a founding member. For example, OPEC was founded in 1960 by these five countries to manage oil production and prices.