2011 JAMB GEOGRAPHY PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Abu’s terrain and climate suggest a likelihood of agriculture, making farming a probable occupation. Other options are less suitable due to limited trade opportunities and mining presence in the region.

Settlement patterns often follow natural resources, with relief being a key factor in accessibility and safety. Drainage, while important, is secondary in areas with distinct elevations that shape distribution.

Spot heights represent exact points on a topographic map. Here, the spot height labeled is 440m, confirmed by the map scale, marking the highest elevation in this section.

The rugged, hilly nature of the topography suggests a high-relief area, characteristic of rugged reliefs rather than plains or plateaus.

The tightly packed contour lines and elongated shape indicate a ridge, a raised area separating valleys, common in mountainous regions.

A reduction in map size alters scale proportionally. Here, reducing by 1/4 means scaling by 4x, making the new scale 1:160,000.

Calculations show 40% of the livestock, equaling 2.4 million, consists of cattle. This accounts for the main livestock type, making Option C correct.

Adding proportions for pigs, camels, and donkeys (5%, 10%, 10%) totals 25% of 6 million, or 1.5 million, confirming Option B.

The optical square, a tool used in surveying, sets right angles, while other tools are for distance measurement or leveling.

The equator forms a great circle around Earth, unlike smaller latitude lines. Great circles represent Earth’s circumference, as Option A.

Shale, a sedimentary rock, transforms into slate through metamorphism, with heat and pressure altering its structure. Other options are unrelated rock types.

Sandstone, formed from sand-sized particles, is categorized as arenaceous due to its grainy texture, unlike other rock types listed.

Karst windows represent the advanced erosion stage in Karst topography, where roof collapses expose caves. Other options are earlier-stage formations.

Interlocking spurs and meanders develop as rivers erode softer rock areas in the middle course. This stage contrasts with valley and floodplain features in other courses.

Carbonation is a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and minerals, altering rock composition. Other options involve physical weathering.

Onshore winds carry ocean currents’ moisture and temperature inland, impacting coastal climates. Offshore winds don’t have this effect.

A wind vane, also called a weathercock, indicates wind direction, essential in meteorological studies. Other instruments measure different wind properties.

A tropical humid climate exhibits high, evenly distributed rainfall and consistently warm temperatures, matching the conditions described.

Coniferous forests grow in acidic soils due to needle accumulation, which increases soil acidity over time. Other options lack similar acidic conditions.

At field capacity, soil pores are saturated, indicating maximum water retention without waterlogging, which occurs only when excess water accumulates.

Zonal soil develops in specific climates with distinct horizons, unlike intra-zonal and azonal soils, which are less climate-dependent.

Nuclear energy relies on finite uranium resources, making it non-renewable, unlike solar, wind, and hydro energy, which are sustainable.

Pollution involves harmful materials contaminating ecosystems, unlike other natural processes listed, which are part of Earth’s water cycle.

Hurricanes, powerful tropical storms, are climatic hazards, unlike volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which are geological.

The Nile Basin has dense population due to fertile lands supporting agriculture, unlike the Amazon Basin or Midlands.

High population density and growth rates characterize South East Asia’s emerging economy and extensive agricultural land.

Developed countries have low birth and death rates due to healthcare advances and family planning, unlike less developed nations.

Tertiary activities, including services, banking, and trade, dominate urban areas, unlike primary activities such as farming.

These cities’ seaports facilitate international trade, unlike other options, which focus on population or administrative roles.

Metropolis, city, town, village, and hamlet reflects a hierarchy of settlement functions from most to least complex.

Primary activities like fishing, lumbering, farming, and mining involve resource extraction, while others listed are service-based.

Forward linkage supports other industries by producing materials they need, unlike subcontracting, which is a different business model.

Less developed nations import more than they export, often due to trade imbalances with industrialized countries.

The Prairies of North America and the Pampas of Argentina are global grain-producing regions, unlike options unrelated to large-scale agriculture.

Rubber, a tropical crop, is prevalent in Liberia, Malaysia, and Indonesia due to suitable climate conditions, unlike cocoa or tea.

The Rhine industrial area uses waterways for heavy goods, unlike rail or air transport, which are less economical.

Western Europe’s demand for Mediterranean fruits is higher due to dietary preferences, unlike Africa, where fruit demand is lower.

Subsistence farming limits Nigeria’s agricultural output, contrasting with commercial farming in more developed countries.

Kano lacks coastal access, crucial for boat-building, unlike the other listed Nigerian states near water bodies.

Coastal regions often feature bays and headlands due to wave action, unlike uplands or inland areas.

The cash crop economy centered around groundnut production contributed to urban growth in these cities.

These towns are known as railway terminal points, where rail lines end, facilitating trade and transportation in these areas. Water scarcity and other options are not notable features of these towns.

Agricultural practices, such as subsistence farming, influence the scattered settlement pattern among the Tiv people, enabling easier access to farmland.

The Western upland is prominent in this region of Nigeria, characterized by a high plateau that influences settlement and agriculture.

The Adamawa Plateau, a significant highland region in Nigeria, influences the local climate and agriculture.

East Africa’s diverse altitudes create multiple climate zones, allowing for a variety of crops that are less feasible in West Africa’s more uniform altitudes.

Zambia is landlocked, meaning it has no coastal boundary, unlike Gabon, Sudan, and Mozambique, which have coastlines.

The Rift Valley, a large trench running through East Africa, is a defining feature of the region’s relief, unlike ridges and basins.

Lake Kariba, created by a dam on the Zambezi River, is located in Zambia, unlike the other options, which have major lakes elsewhere in Africa.

Effective management and organization have boosted agricultural productivity in Côte d’Ivoire, setting it apart from neighboring countries.